SIGNS and PUNCTUATIONS
The dot - both letters i and j are dotted above the letter.

The dash - is used to separate a word at the end of a sentence. Generally the dash separates the word into pronunciation syllables not by word construction. Ex. gi-zo-na (man) not giz-on-a.
A word made up of several roots when separated must maintain those roots. Ex. gizon-alde (group of men).
Or one can use the dash (-) when avoiding repetitive use of a word. Ex. bazkal- edo afal-ondoan (after dinner or after eating).

Use the dash in special composed words.
Ex. mundu-ontasun-gose (starving for the goods of this world)
Linking words in an expression.
Ex. erran-nahi-baita (That-is-to-say)
For emphasis. Ex. zo-zo-a (silly or stupid)

The apostrophe - is used to indicate an omission. Ex. dembor'ederra, (nice weather). But omissions are not allowed in written Basque.
The dash or the apostrophe are sometimes used to separate a word from its suffix to recognize its root. Ex. Paris-eko or Paris'eko eskualdean, (in the Parisian region).

The tilde on the ñ - is used to "wet" the sound of the normal Basque letter n. Ex. laño (simple)

PUNCTUATIONS
. = period
? = question mark
! = exclamation mark
, = comma
; = semi-colon
: = colon
— = longdash or em dash
( ) = parentheses
" " = quotation marks
... = dot-dot-dot

The period (.) is used at the end of a sentence and for abbreviations.
Ex. J. M. J. lagun nezazue, (Jesus Mary, Joseph, help me)

The question mark (?) used for a question. Ex. Zer diozu? (What do you say?)

The exclamation point (!) used after an expression or interjection. Ex. Eup! zer bozkarioa! (Ah! What happiness!)

The semi-colon (;) used to separate ideas in a sentence. Ex. Deitu zuten; bainan ez omen zuen ihardetsi ere, (We called him; but he didn't, it seems, even answer)

The commas (,) is used to separate listed items. Ex. Haur ezti, prestu, saindu bat, (A child, soft, calm, pious)
Use the comma to separate propositions and long sentences. Ex. Iguzki denean, zoin den eder itzala, (When it's sunny, the shade is nice)
Ex. O zu, zion edaleak, arno gorri, sototik ekarria, (Oh you, said the drinker, red wine, delivered from the cellar)

The colon (:) used for a citation or enumeration.
Ex. Erran zion : "Bai, Jauna!", (He said to him : "Yes, sir!")
Asteko egunak dira : astelehena, astearte..., (The days of the week are : Monday, Tuesday...)
Hasarretu zen : hobendun zelako seinalea, (He angered : proof that he was guilty)
Iguzkia samina da : har-azu chapela, (The sun is lively : take your hat)

The long dash (—) used in dialogue to show change of speakers. Ex. Zer da berri? — Zaharrak berri, (What's new? — old things to make new)
This dash (—) used in a sentence when numerous ideas follows each other, you use — to separate the main point.
Ex. Jakin hitz bakhar batez zure anaia gaizkitik atheratzen ahal duzula, jakin zutaz landa nehork ez diola deusik erranean, jakin hitz on hori gabe bethierekotz galdua dela, — nola egon zintazke harria bezain gogor eta mutu? (Knowing that with only one word you can remove your brother from sin, knowing that no one other than you will tell him anything, knowing that without these words he is forever lost — how can you stay as hard and silent as a stone?)

You put words between dashes (—) that serve as explanation, description, restriction or conclusion.
Ex. Azkenean — norat haize, harat aise — lagunen urhatseri jarraiki zen, (Finally — we go easily in the direction of the wind — he walks in the steps of his companions)

Parentheses () used to offset a secondary idea in a sentence.
Ex. Nubait irakurri dut (ez othe denetz Axular-en liburuan) bazela lehenago..., (I read somewhere (was it in Axular's book) that he formerly said...)

Quotation marks (" ")
Ex. Erran zion : " Bai, Jauna.", (He said to him : "Yes, sir.")

Use three dots (...) for an unfinished idea or sentence.
Ex. Zaharrena biziki ona zen, bertzea aldiz... Bego hortan, (The oldest was very good, as for the other... Leave it at that.)